Community Corrections - 1082 Words

Community corrections is a range of alternative punishments for nonviolent offenders. There are two basic community corrections models in the United States. In the first model, integrated community corrections programs combine sentencing guidelines and judicial discretion (front-end) with a variety of alternative sanctions and parole and probation options. In the second model, some states have instituted programs in which correctional officials may direct already sentenced offenders into alternative sanction programs and parole and probation options (back-end). Both models are designed to help reduce prison overcrowding and are less expensive alternatives to prison. Widespread development of community correction programs in the†¦show more content†¦Parole: A form of conditional release available to offenders who are incarcerated. It is similar to probation but the offender is in the community while still serving some of the prison sentence. When people come into contact with the criminal justice system, they pass through several stages of processing. At each stage, an individual s risk of re-offending is assessed by criminal justice workers. Risk assessments are performed by justice professionals on a daily basis: pre-trial, before sentencing, when determining security level in custody, prior to release, and after breaches or critical incidents occur (Hart, 1995). These assessments can be either formal or informal in nature (Milner amp; Campbell, 1995). Risk assessment is fundamental to the criminal justice process because it is a means for distinguishing between offenders who are likely to re-offend and those who are at a lower risk for recidivism (Solicitor General Canada, 1998a). There has been a lot of controversy about the accuracy of risk assessments. Risk assessments are essentially predictions of future behaviour and are subject to error. The result of a risk assessment has serious implications for both the assessed individual and society: for the individual offender, the assessment will decide his or her freedom; for society, it may determine whether a potentially dangerous person will be released into the community. The community requires protection, butShow MoreRelatedWhat is Community Corrections? Essay example1105 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Essentially, community corrections ascribe to the sanctions that are usually imposed on both adults and juveniles convicted by the court of law to reduce frequencies of recidivism. Unlike other forms of sentencing, community corrections can be implemented in a community setting or any other residential setting, apart from the jails (Gendreau Goggin, 1996). Within the past few decades, researchers have been struggling to advance community corrections through the use of effective interventionRead MoreCommunity Corrections810 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity Corrections CJS/230 July 24th, 2011 Community Corrections In this paper, we will be discussing how community corrections affect society. In addition, we will examine my hypothesis about community corrections and their overall effectiveness in the correctional system. Furthermore, we will describe prison systems in foreign countries, as well as how other nations view and practice imprisonment. Moreover, we will discuss what might happen with the United States prison systems if weRead MoreCommunity Corrections1288 Words   |  6 Pagessupposed to look out for suspicious issues and incidents and report them to the police before anything happens (cityofboise.org, 2012). This helps in deterring potential crimes and offenders from committing their crimes. It ranges from block watch, community watch, home watch and citizen alert. Neighborhood crime prevention programs arose because of emphasis in the involvement of citizens in enhancing prevention of crime. It is one of the oldest programs of deterring crime in the United States. It wasRead MoreC ommunity Correction Paper1216 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Correction Paper May 27, 2012 CJS/230 – Introduction to Corrections Community corrections programs are to oversee offenders outside of jail or prison, and are administered by agencies or courts with the legal authority to enforce sanctions. Such community corrections programs are probation and parole. There are also sub-programs that are parts of community corrections; such programs are drug-involved offenders, sex offender programs, and electronic monitoring technologies. Read MoreCommunity Corrections Is Vital For The Safety Of The Community1733 Words   |  7 Pages Community corrections are vital in ensuring and assuring the safety of the community by rehabilitating the low-risk offenders allowing cycle of re-offending to be broken and the rate of imprisonment to be lowered. Community corrections involve managing an offender’s life in the community through constant supervision and reporting to their corrections officer and, also court ordered unpaid community service and rehabilitation programs to divert their attention to re-offend, rather than throwingRead MoreInstitutional and Community Based Corrections798 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Institutional and Community Based Corrections Institutional Based Corrections Among the forces that have affected corrections in recent years, accreditation and privatization have been among the most influential. The future of corrections will be affected by everything from the national economy and current public opinion to drug-related crime and the aging of prison populations. The trends that will continue to impact corrections are intermediate sentencing alternatives, restorative justiceRead MoreThe Debate Of Punishment And Community Corrections858 Words   |  4 PagesThesis: The debate of the effectiveness of imprisonment and community corrections today still raises questions as to which sanction is more effective in the United States criminal justice system. This paper will provide a background of both imprisonment and community corrections, the positives and negatives of the two topics, and which is proven to be more effective. From the research conducted, the conclusion has come that community corrections is proven to be more effective than imprisonment majorityRead MoreOverview of Community Corrections in USA1191 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Corrections Community Corrections are the non-prison penalties that are enforced on convicted, sentenced or arrested adults (i.e. 18 or above) for making crimes. Community corrections are basically planned for the crimes that are petty as compared to the serious offences that are murder, kidnapping or so on. The crimes that are supposed to receive less severe punishment are given in charge of community corrections. These programs focus on non-violent offenders and punish them with probationRead MoreCommunity Based Corrections Essay example1108 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity based corrections is a program which supervises people who have been convicted or are facing conviction. It is a non-incarcerate system of correction. These offenders have been convicted or are facing conviction. Some offenders have entered these programs before being in jail and some serve a part of their sentence in jail before entering the program. The goals of the community based corrections would be one of providing guidance, program opportunities and support to the offender’sRead MoreJails, Prisons and Community Based Corrections1210 Words   |  5 PagesJails, Prisons and Community based Corrections Anthony Canez CJA/204 June 27, 2013 Robin Downey Jails, Prisons and Community based Corrections In this essay I will attempt to explain and discuss probation and how it compares to other forms of sentencing, the types of prison, the origins of rehabilitation in prisons, parole and how it differs from mandatory release and finally options of community corrections. Ending the essay will be a critique on the current rehabilitation options. The history

The Rape of Proserpina and Eves Fall in Miltons...

The Rape of Proserpina and Eves Fall in Miltons Paradise Lost She pluckd, she eat (PL IX.781). With these four monosyllables, Milton succinctly announces the Fall of Eve in Paradise Lost. Eves Fall, however, is far more complex than a simple act of eating, for her disobedience represents a much greater loss of chastity. Indeed, Milton implies that the Fall is a violation not only of Gods sole commandment but also of Eve herself, for Milton implicitly equates Diss ravishment of Proserpina with Satans seduction of Eve. Milton weaves the Proserpina myth, as told by Ovid in his Metamorphoses, throughout Paradise Lost as a trope for rape and Eves loss of virginity, and this culminates in a metaphorical construction of the Fall as†¦show more content†¦Ovid begins: Haud procul Hennaeis lacus est a moenibus altae,nomine Pergus, aquae; [. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] perpetuum ver est. Quo dum Proserpina luco ludit et aut violas aut candida lilia carpit, dumque puellari studio calathosque sinumque inplet et aequales certat superare legendo, paene simul visa est dilectaque raptaque Diti. (Metamorphoses V.385-95) 1 Miltons negative syntax, therefore, not only draws us away from Ovids Enna but also propels us toward it, for Ovid too employs a negative construction: Not far from Ennas walls [. . .] (Met. V.385-6). Furthermore, Miltons progression from the active participle gathring to the passive gatherd mirrors Ovids progression from legendo (gathering) to rapta (she has been taken). In addition, Milton directly prefaces the above passage with thEternal Spring (PL IV.268), much as Ovid tells us that spring is eternal (perpetuum ver est). What resonates in Miltons description, however, are not the enumerated similarities between Eden and Enna but that which Milton leaves unmentioned—the striking comparison between Eve and Proserpina, between Satans seduction of our mother and Diss ravishment of Ovids goddess. Milton does not explicitly compare Proserpina to Eve, yet the obvious parallel between these two innocent gardeners preyed upon by dark forces is a potent subtext. Indeed, upon completing his

Thomas Money Service Business Proposal free essay sample

Thomas Money Service Inc. established in 1940 with the intent of providing small loans for household needs. The success of the company has led them to expand their services which include business loans, business acquisition financing, and commercial real estate loans. In 1946 Thomas merged with a company that specialized in equipment financing called Future Growth Inc. This merger, although was a risky move was a proven success for The company as they became a competitive company in forestry and construction industry with an advantage in the market. For over 67 years, the company has seen continual growth and financial success. Because of the current economic conditions this past year the company is experiencing significant losses in their stock values and as a result the company has to layoff some employees. Massive flooding, forest fires, animal activist protesters in addition to the economic crisis are all reasons why the company is experiencing a 30% loss in sales from the previous year. Based on the loss in sales and other rivals in the equipment manufacturing industry that can offer substitutions Thomas Money Service Inc. has requested an analysis of the situation to determine the way ahead on how he can turn the company around and re-establish his status in the industry. The intent of this proposal is to provide a recommendation on how the company can increase revenue, achieve ultimate production levels, determine how fixed and variable costs can be adjusted to maximize profits, suggest a mix of pricing and non-pricing strategies, and create barriers to entry into the market if possible. This proposal will also look into ways on how the company can increase product differentiation, and if there is other means to minimize the cost for the product. Increasing Revenue Based on the data from Thomas Money Inc. the first recommendation is to develop a plan that will increase revenue. Because of the decrease in sales, the company must first look at the marginal revenue and the marginal cost profit maximizing guide to determine if it is profitable to continue producing their building and forestry equipment. Based on the data, after completing the analysis it proves that the output at each marginal revenue exceed the marginal cost thus proving that no more would be added to cost than to revenue. If profits are to be maximized, prices must be in excess of the average total cost where (P=MC output) as prices are kept at the equilibrium point to maximize revenue. Production differentiation is a must to the consumers, as this awareness will influence their demand for the product. This is accomplished through means of advertising. A strong marketing team must show the consumers what FGI can offer not just in pricing but also in terms of the benefits of buying FGI equipment as opposed to the other brands. Another way of increasing revenue is for Thomas Money Inc. to include its employees in the plan. This can be accomplished through quality customer service and since hospitals and nursing homes are in demand for new buildings there is potential for new revenue. Another recommendation for Thomas Money Inc. is in finding ways to improve the production levels. Since the company produces its own brand of forestry and building equipment they have an advantage to create or increase barriers to entry by their rivals by branding, patenting, or licensing its products. Investing in other subsidiaries within the medical industry with a focus on new construction of nursing homes and hospitals will also increase revenue. Based on the information provided prices are higher than the marginal revenue at every level of output thus putting the company in a position to produce the amount of demand for the product. Reducing prices and a strong advertising campaign are ways the company can boost its production levels. Maximizing Profits Thomas Money Inc. has the potential to maximize profits especially since the information stated that marginal revenue exceeds marginal costs. Increasing revenues and limiting variable costs are the primary motives for the company therefore FGI will need to shift from its consumer targeting from new equipment to used equipment. By focusing on the used equipment and liquidating the repossessed units will generate an increase to marginal revenue since the variable costs for those units do not exist. The company does not have to stop producing new equipment, but the level of new production need to follow the economic condition and markets to retain normal profit. In calculating the data provided additional revenue can be achieved by integrating resource and production efficiency. In using a series of short-run production analysis and application techniques FGI can maximize profits using the total revenue and total cost approach. With total revenue of $2,600 and total cost of $1,050, it produces an economic profit of $1,550 before the law of diminishing returns begins to affect it negatively. Since fixed cost has maintain the same output level and variable costs fluctuates at each level increasing at more than $50 dollars, it is recommended that the company look into the cost of advertisement. Although it is a much needed source to increasing revenue and production levels, there need to be some other alternatives to advertising during the super bowl events especially since it is very costly during that event. Other methods of advertisement can be in the form of newspaper ads, and local TV channels. Creating Price, Non-price strategies and barriers to market entry In every market the primary goal for companies is to sustain or increase profitability especially during a slow-down of the economy. Ways of doing so is by limiting marginal costs of production and maintain a fair or comparable market selling price to keep consumers from buying from other rivals. As companies incur marginal cost of producing, it triggers a trickling effect where those costs are transferred into the market price which in turn is felt by the consumers. The result is a decrease in consumer demand for the product which creates a loss in profits for the company and consumers looking at other companies for similar products or substitutes. When considering pricing strategies, consumer expectations must be considered. Pricing should be set based on several factors such as geographical location, market segment, and economic conditions. Being flexible toward pricing policies change based on the dynamics of the market is the recommendation for the company. Non-price strategies and barriers to market entry are effective ways of sustaining economic profit and provide a higher potential for increased revenues and maximizing profits. Investing in research and development, becoming technologically equipped, and implement a strong consumer-oriented programs to substantiate the organizations appreciation and show organizational worth of those consumers expectations, demand and wants. (McConnell) As mentioned previously, some barriers to entry should include patents for designs, copyrights, and branding of Thomas Money Inc and FGI within the current and future economic markets (McConnell) Product Differentiation and other cost saving measures Product differentiation is achieved by ensuring an entity’s products are established from all other organizations within the market, which includes establishing a product mix appropriate to Thomas Money Service Inc. and FGI’s goals and objectives. The improvement of equipment through research and development in the nursing and hospital market through merging, acquiring, or investing in other existing and reliable organizations validates a strong product mix across various market. Thomas Money Service Inc. and FGI may reduce internal costs through various and simple methods which strengthens increase in revenue, profit maximization, sustaining applicable market pricing, establishing product mixes and differentiation through high quality. Some cost saving measures includes establishing a strong purpose toward product improvement and eliminating unnecessary areas of productivity. In summary, to sustain the goals of continuing to be a competitive and profitable company this business proposal has considered the market conditions in which the company performs. The rate of success Thomas Money Service Inc. and FGI have maintained over the long years of performance provides the basis for the proposal made to increase revenue, employ profit maximization, establish product mix and differentiation, establish price and non-price barriers to market entry, and reduce costs. The design and strategic approach under the business proposal is to ensure the continuance, profitability, and stability of both Thomas Money Service Inc. and FGI providing a strong a basis for expansion, promoting growth, and development for future years respectively.

Wollstonecraft And Dickens Fight For Educational Reform Essays

Wollstonecraft and Dickens: Fight For Educational Reform Although they wanted it in different ways, Mary Wollstonecraft and Charles Dickens both argued for educational reform. Unhappy with the current state of women, Mary Wollstonecraft, in her A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, demanded equal access to equal education for women. Her main tactic was to persuade people that educating women would not only improve society as a whole but society would not advance until it happened. Unlike Wollstonecraft, Charles Dickens expressed a desire for a complete overhaul of the educational system in his book, Hard Times. Dickens believed that the current utilitarian based educational system lacked humanity (something greatly needed for a complete education); he showed this, not by outright stating it, but by giving an illustration of the system (both in the classroom and at home) and then showing the outcome of the methods used. Women's education as we know it today was non-existent. The education that women received was laughable, at the very least, when compared to the education of men. According to our textbook, the education of women consisted of "basic literacy, embroidery, singing, playing a piano or harpsichord, dancing, sketching, [and] conversational French or Italian." It is not hard to see that it just didn't compare to the education of men. Women weren't just uneducated; they weren't respected by men or even themselves. They also had very little freedom. Everything they owned upon marriage was forfeited to their husbands. This is why some women opted to remain single, but their lives weren't any better than those married. Wollstonecraft knew as well as anyone that she was born into a man's world. She and her sister's worked various jobs trying to earn a living, but it wasn't until she educated herself, with something like a man's education, that she gained freedom and self-respect. This is what s he wanted most for her fellow females. She believed that women deserved equality with men. For this to happen she thought that women would have to be equal to men in their intelligence, and the only way for this to happen would be for them to be educated. Wollstonecraft knew that this was the problem and for there to be any start in improving women's position they would have to be educated more like men. Wardle stated, in his book titled Mary Wollstonecraft: A Critical Biography, that, "She was attacking the attitude which most men of the time showed toward her sex, and she traced it to the inadequate education of women." He goes on further to give a quote from Mrs. Beard stating; "The objects if her special aspersions were customs and opinions, not specific provisions of law affecting women, married and single." That is why she offered "no program of legislation guaranteed to bring about [women's] ?emancipation." Wollstonecraft believed that a good lasting marriage needed partnership between both the husband and the wife. In order to make the thought of women's education more appealing to men she proposed that women be educated in order to make them better mother's (because they could better teach their children) and wives if they married (because they would be better companions) and if they remained single to earn a respectable living. Women, if educated, could also be useful to their husbands after they had lost both their beauty and their function (raising children) because they could also be companions. To aid her argument even further, Wollstonecraft brilliantly brought together women and soldiers for comparison. Both women and solders received education that was both deficient and harmful. Because of this similarity in education, there were also similarities in characteristics (like concern with fine dress and other frivolities). Both are taught total subordination (to obey without unde rstanding why). They both "acquire manners before morals" and are sent out into the world prematurely. This comparison greatly helps her argument. The profession of women was to be mistresses so they, like soldiers, only fulfilled their function for a small period of time. This was such a great argument because it compares the most "masculine" group of men with the most "feminine' group of women. "Where is the sexual difference, when the education has been the same?" Wollstonecraft states at the end