Study Abroad Benefits Essay Example for Free

Study Abroad Benefits Essay The opportunity to study abroad during my college years would be a great experience. I believe studying overseas is an important, perhaps even necessary, event during college. There are many benefits to studying in another country, which include gaining a broader global perspective and learning about different cultures, religions and people. Knowledge gained from books and studying is important, but experiencing the world for oneself and learning outside the classroom is just as important. I believe that studying abroad would allow me to have a more comprehensive education, as I would learn so much more than I could gain from books. According to an article from the School of International Training, there are many benefits to studying abroad. One benefit is that you can gain new perspective on the world. You are able to learn through a cultural and academic experience from the inside out. It allows you to explore issues related to globalization, development, poverty, and social inequity from many different perspectives. When a student returns to the US, they will almost always see things differently: They can put themselves in someone else’s shoes more easily and have a better understanding of the world. Another benefit pointed out by SIT is increased language skills. Programs typically offer language study at the intermediate and advanced levels and beginning instruction in a less commonly taught language spoken by the local community. Often, courses will incorporate formal classroom instruction, discussion, and field exercises designed to enhance student engagement and improve oral and written competence. By using language skills in daily life, students can discover that they not only can survive but flourish in another country. According to UNT-International, studying abroad can improve your academic, professional and financial potential. International experience is a critical and very impressive part of any resume. In addition to the personal growth youll undergo while overseas, the international and cross-cultural interpersonal skills that students develop can expand their employment opportunities and income potential. Globally-minded employees are in high demand. Many companies seek out individuals with multi-lingual and multi-cultural experience and skills. Even more, while studying abroad, students can also take advantage of internships for an international work experience that is highly valued among U.S. employers. Students who undergo this will be able to, with their newly acquired skills, strengthen their resume in Americas increasingly ethnically and culturally diverse workforce. Finally, students typically make great gains in personal confidence and gain valuable insights into their own culture.

Dangers of Suicide Websites Essay -- essays research papers

Suicide Made Easy The thought of suicide can enter the mind of anyone in any age group. For those who come across a suicide website, the information given can make suicide turn from a fleeting thought to an action. On Thursday, October 10, 2007 Kazunari Saito, a 33-year-old electrician, was arrested for the murder of Sayaka Nishizawa, a 21-year-old woman. Saito was the host of a suicide web site where he provided his viewers with ways to commit suicide, this is where he and Nishizawa first came in contact. Nishizawa reportedly paid Saito $1,700 to help her to kill herself. On the night of April 12, 2007 Saito gave Nishizawa 20 to 30 sleeping pills and then suffocated her to ?finish the job?. (Austin Modine, 2007) Above are the statistics taken from 2004 showing the differences in age, race, and sex. The rate, number that year, and average suicide per day are represented here. (American Association of Suicidology, 2004) A rarely known or acknowledged fact is that not only children and teenagers are suicidal. The major difference between suicide attempts among elders and youth is that elder suicide attempts are more commonly successful (Reference Services Review, 2003, Vol. 31 Issue 2, p175-184, 10p). The American Association of Suicidology states that in 2004, 32,439 people died from suicide attempts. This means that someone commits suicide every 16.2 minutes. Of this total, every 1 hour and 41.4 minutes an elderly person commits suicide, compared to every 2 hours and 2.1 minutes that a young person commits suicide. These are not the only two categories in which suicide falls, of the 32, 439 suicides in 2004, 22, 925 were committed by adults between the ages of 25 and 64 (Section 1,2, and 3, 2005) For many, a sui... ...nce Source Review Volume: 31 Issue: 2 Page: 175 ? 184. Retrieved February 15, 2008 from University of Phoenix Library Lewis, Penny (2001) Rights Discourse and Assisted Suicide. American Journal of Law and Medicine. Vol. 27 Issue 1. Retrieved February 15, 2008 from University of Phoenix Library. Megan Meier Suicide (2006) Retrieved March 8, 2008 from hitsusa.com/blog/317/megan-meier- suicide/ Sinderbrand, Rebecca (June 20, 2003) Point, Click, Die. Newsweek Vol. 141 Issue 28. Retrieved February 15, 2008 from University of Phoenix Library Stone, Geo (2007) Suicide and Attempted Suicide: Methods and Consequences. Retrieved March 19, 2008 from http://www.suicidemethods.net/ TOKUS's Handy Four-Pillar Practice Archive (2004). A Practical Guide to Suicide. Retrieved February 15, 2008, from http://www.satanservice.org/tokus/suicide/ guide/#I.D

Teacher Assistant -Development Of The Child

Summarise the main development of a child from age range 0-2years, 3-5years and 5-8 years. Physical development of children varies within very wide limits, depending on the weight and size at the birth, nutrition and health, but also the genetic heritage (parents or grandparents size).Physical development0-2 yearsWhen a baby is born, for first three months he lie on their back, but is able to make basic distinction in vision, hearing, smelling, tasting, touching. Many people think babies are helpless, but they are born with the ability to do few things: they can recognize their mum’s voice and smell, they are able to cry and let everyone know when they need help. Babies are born with many reflexes which are actions that they perform without thinking. Around three months baby will start lifting his head and will be able to kick.As time goes, the baby will be able to grasp objects and try to put that in their mouth. Mobility usually comes at the ages of nine to twelve months. Th ey will be able to crawl and some might be able to sit and walk unaided. They can hold and throw toys. At the age of one most babies can climb up the stairs (with adult help). Children at two years age are very mobile. They will be able to throw and kick a ball but may not be very confident to catch it.3-5 yearsChildren of three years age will be able to walk, run and jump from low heights. By three a child will have learnt most methods of movement, they will be able to walk backwards and sideways, and may even jump from low heights, they should also be able to ride a tricycle. When a child is four years old they can catch, throw and kick a ball with full confidence. They are able to walk in a straight line. At four they should be able to catch, throw, kick and bounce balls and should also be confident with balance. By the time a child reaches their fifth birthday, changes in physical development are much rapid .Usually by five they moves freely and with pleasure and confidence in a range of ways, such as rolling, crawling,  walking, running, skipping, sliding and hopping.5-8yearsAt age of 5-8 the child has lots of energy, plus the balance and coordination for lots of activities, including swimming, riding a bike, skipping and playing with a ball. Their balance and agility will have increased enormously by this age.Intellectual Development0-2 yearsFrom birth children begin to learn how to use their senses to explore the world around them. Within the early months a child will make eye contact and be able to turn their head to the smell of their mother breasts. At age of three months babies smile back when they see a smiling face. By six months babies have learnt many skills, they are very alert and turn their heads to see what is happening. They enjoy playing, they can now reach out and grab a toy and over it from one hand to another. By two years old, children are very much showing their individuality. They know what they want to do, touch and hold. They enj oy singing and dancing to music, pointing to picture of familiar objects and naming them.3-5 yearsAt age three their concentration grows and they are able to control pencils and paintbrushes, at four years old their memory will develop quickly, and should be able to build things with small blocks. They respond well to adult praise and recognition. Children ask questions and enjoy talking. Around the age of five a child should be able to count confidently and recognize letters and most children have begun in formal education.5-8 yearsBetween the age six and eight years the child’s reading and mathematics skills will have develop a lot and they will be able to read and write independently.Language Development 0-2 yearsFrom birth to three months they are crying and cooing and they can recognise and respond to sounds. At three –six months they star imitate the sounds that they recognize. At age one children can are beginning to talk and can say â€Å"mama† and †Å"dada†. At age of two children start to talk and enjoy talking.3-5 yearsBetween the age of three and five they would be able to learn songs and rhymes .They will enjoy listening to stories. At age of five they will become very confident speaker.5-8 yearsAt this age children are able to describe things accurately and they will use a much wider vocabulary and of words.Emotional Developent0-2 yearsBabies start to smile and to recognize the face and voice of their mother or carer. They start being aware about the people that they don’t know and they enjoy being secure . from one to two they will become aware of the moods of those around them.3-5 yearsAt this stage the children can communicate what they are feeling. At the age of five they can control their own emotions.5-8 yearsAt this stage the child starts to feel sensitive about who other children feel about him. They may compare themselves to their friends and peers (â€Å"He is better at drawing than I am† or à ¢â‚¬Å"She is a better soccer player†). They will experience a variety of mood changes as they grow in years and develop.Social Development0-2 yearsFrom birth till age of nine months the babies are very sociable, from nine to twelve months they will discover who to play alone and they will not be as dependent on others for their entertainment. Between one and two years old they become more confident and independent3-5 yearsChildren enjoy making friends and sociailsing. They enjoy being with others and they can choose what is good and wrong and understand the importance of sharing and tacking turns.5-8 yearsAt the age of six some children become less sociable and some prefer to have one special friend. They start having their social circle where they find themselves comfortable. Analyse key social, economic and environmental factors, which may influence development There are many factors that influence child development, and for most of them, we do have some control.Every child deserves the opportunity to blossom. Love is very important when we speak about the social development. When the child feels the love and affection from his carer or parent he can make friends and progress well in development and he is happy emotionally. When the love is missing you can observe sad children, neglected, isolated, unfriendly, upset There are socio-economic trends that can influence child development. It is true that poorer families are at a disadvantage when it comes to providing the richest environment for a child to grow. Many families must rely on public education that may not be the best in their area. It is very difficult for poor families when a child needs special services to aid development.A child will benefit more when a parent work part time and spend more quality time with the child, but in some situation this is not possible. A loving caring environment can benefit more than having a lots of money, although the child may not have expensive items, but he w ill benefit by been happy and loved. Children living in poverty may also have poor nutrition, limiting their ability to reach their potential. Environmental influences on child development, as opposed to genetic influences which are not in our power. The world around us has a major part in shaping the child. A child's environment – for example, his family or school – plays a huge part in his development. Simply stated, a nurtured child will do better than a deprived child.That may seem like common sense, but you may not realize the little things that make a difference. Some assume that a rich privileged child will automatically thrive more than a child living in poverty. That is not always the case. An environmental factor which can also affect the children be when the family is moving house. This aspect affect the child who is losing the current friends and school and the child can be anxious and withdrawn. Losing their friends can be as traumatic as losing a favorite toy. Describe children’s overall development needsA child development is split into main parts physical, intellectual, social/emotional, language. All children need stability, good home, encouragement from parents, the correct nutrition in order for them to grow and develop well. Love is very important for their emotional and physical development. Children also need stability with their homes, parents, friends.They can be seriously affected if a divorce occurs between their  parents. In order to grow they need to benefit by a good dietary and nutrition habits. Lots of vegetables and fruits are recommended. Exercises, sports are also good for their physical development. The fresh air, a walk in the park or somewhere to explore and learn more about the environment.

Computer law and privacy at work - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3524 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Information Systems Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Computer Essay Inflation Essay Did you like this example? Report to Dà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ausecours Board 31st May 2006 Re: Acquisition of Security Control Issues and Recommendations 1) Confidential Information Given the that the greatest value of SC lies in the ability of its employees to innovate and the quality and commercial potential of the resultant product, it is disturbing to learn that none of the employees is currently bound by any form of confidentiality clause in their contract and they have received no training or even informal guidance in the correct handling of confidential information. It is, of course counterproductive to develop a culture of obsessive secrecy such as that which results in the security classification of Ministry of Defence canteen menus but a workable definition should be developed without delay. It is suggested that this accord with the criteria expounded by Megarry V-C in Thomas Marshall (Exports) Ltd v Guinlƒ ©[1] including the test of whether the employer re asonably believes that the release of information will be injurious to him or advantageous to his rivals and whether it is reasonable to believe that the information is not already public. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Computer law and privacy at work" essay for you Create order The information will of course have to be judged in accordance with the usage and practices of our industry. In respect of the existing unregulated situation, in the event of unwanted disclosure of confidential information prior to the introduction of revised contracts of employment, it may be possible to rely upon Faccenda Chicken Ltd v Fowler[2] in which employees similarly had no restrictive covenant in their contract of employment. The employer argued that they were nonetheless bound by an implied duty of confidentiality. Although the decision of Goulding J at first instance was unsatisfactory from our point of view, the criteria stipulated by the Court of Appeal in order for such a duty to apply may be of assistance: The nature of the employment; The nature of the information (this can be protected if it may be classed as a trade secret or was material which was in all the circumstances of such a highly confidential nature that it should be so treated; Whether the employer has impressed upon the employee the confidentiality of such information; and Whether the information can be freely isolated from other information which the employee is free to use or disclose. In respect of the third of these (impressing the nature of the information upon the employee) this may be the subject of immediate practical action. Once employees have been so informed, the implied duty should begin to apply notwithstanding the lack of express restrictive covenants in their contracts. The criminal law is unlikely to assist in this regard in its present form. An attempt in Scotland in Grant v Allen[3] to prosecute an employee who allegedly dishonestly took a quantity of computer printouts from a firm of carriers failed with the court commenting that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“to make a declaratory finding that it is a crime dishonestly to exploit confidential information belonging to another would have far reaching consequences in this technological ageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ; it was suggested that this was a matter for legislation. However, the English Law Commission in its Working Paper on Conspiracy to Defraud[4] similarly eschewed the opportunity to make the abuse of confident ial information the subject of criminal proceedings unless perhaps in circumstances in which a conspiracy had been formed with the intent to deprive a person of confidential information to their financial prejudice. Accordingly it is recommended that a programme of training be urgently implemented to make employees of SC aware of what constitutes confidential information and stresses that they are already bound by an implied duty of confidentiality. In parallel with this, Human Resources should attend without delay to the revision and reissue of the necessary contracts of employment. In the instance of short-term instances of potential abuse which may prove damaging such as employees disgruntled by the take over seeking to leave and use SC information to establish their own ventures, consideration might be given to the issuing of applications where appropriate for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“springboard injunctionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  as in Roger Bullivant Ltd v Ellis[5]. These of course will be strictly limited in time but should at least cover the period in which the ex-employee is seeking to gain a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“head startà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  by the use of such information. 2) Pornography At present, employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s contracts do not forbid personal use of the internet. As a preliminary point, it is suggested that this is reviewed. Quite apart from the specific difficulties to which such use may give rise such as, for example, in the case of the circulation of pornography discussed below, the accessing of websites and the use of the internet during working hours for the sending and receiving of personal e-mails is becoming a contentious issue in every workplace. What may be regarded as a harmless à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is capable of escalating to the extent that much productive working time is lost placing the employee in breach of their duty of fidelity and resulting in great impairment to the efficiency of the organisation. Happily, it appear s that at present this use is restricted to the accessing of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“adultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  websites and there have, as yet, been no complaints from other employees about the distribution of such material. Nonetheless, it is submitted that this is a practice which should be discouraged. Although internet pornography is a relatively new phenomenon, it is still within the ambit of the Obscene Publications Act 1959. This provides that an article is obscene and thus its distribution is liable to criminal prosecution where it has a tendency to deprave or corrupt persons who are likely, having regard to all the relevant circumstances, to come into contact with it. The fact that this rather antiquated piece of legislation which could never have foreseen current technological developments should still be taken seriously can be observed from R v Perrin[6] in which the appellant had been convicted of publishing an obscene article, namely a web page which contained images of coprophilia and fellatio. This was accessed by a police officer. The conviction was challenged under Article 10(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights on the ground that it breached the right of freedom of expression. However, the Court of Appeal held that Article 10(2) allows derogation from the right of freedom of expression where this is necessary in a democratic society for the prevention of disorder or crime or the protection of morals. The Court of Appeal took the opportunity to refine and update the applicable test: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“First, whether any person or persons were likely to see the article, and if so, whether the effect of the article, taken as a whole, was such as to tend to deprave and corrupt the person or persons who were likely, having regard to all the relevant circumstances, to see the matter contained or embodied on it.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  A discussion of this subject is always likely to give rise to a certain amount of juvenile mirth. It may be suggested, for ex ample, in the light of the comments circulated about my understanding of motor car brands (the subject of a further brief below) that the employees of SC are already beyond the risk of being depraved and corrupted the damage already apparently having been done. However, it is recommended that this issue be taken seriously. In particular, regard should be had to the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 which makes it an offence to pursue a course of conduct designed to cause alarm and distress to another. While, for example, it may be considered amusing to send graphic sexual images to young female employees or, more probably, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ladies of a certain ageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in the Accounts Department, if this were to reach a certain level of intensity, it could form the basis of criminal prosecution. More immediately, such conduct could be presented as sexual harassment (which can also be directed against same-sex colleagues and transsexuals: Chessington World of Adventures v Reed[7]) which could give rise to a liability on the part of the employer if the conduct was known of and not acted upon or there was found to be insufficient supervision in place to guard against such conduct. This, in itself, could expose the company to proceedings in the Employment Tribunal. These might become particularly serious if an employee were driven to the point of leaving and then claiming constructive dismissal. It is strongly recommended therefore that guidelines regulating the use of the internet in general and the accessing of pornography in particular be immediately promulgated with it being made clear that any breach will be considered a disciplinary offence. 3) Defamation I am quite confident in my ability to distinguish rusting heaps of Scandinavian metal from the more intimate aspects of the female anatomy and I make it clear therefore that I do not propose on this occasion to take any action in respect of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hilariousà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  e- mail circulated on the subject. However, the existence of an office culture in which the circulation of such material is considered not only permissible but potentially amusing gives cause for concern. The law of defamation is quite clear. A defamatory statement is one which injures the reputation of another by exposing him to hatred, contempt or ridicule or which tends to lower him in the esteem of right thinking members of society (Parmiter v Coupland Another[8]). Employees should be advised that while the common perception of libel is limited to statements published about celebrities in tabloid newspapers, it is just as capable of applying in the workplace. The important issue in this context is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“publicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Once again, while this would seem to be a concept applicable only to the Press, a salutary lesson can be learned from Riddick v Thames Board Mills[9]. This concerned an internal memo following the dismissal of two employees. It was based on the report of two other employees which was found to be inaccurate and malicious. This report formed the basis of a memo which a manger dictated to his secretary and then sent to another manager who read it and filed it away. Although Lord Denning dissented in the Court of Appeal on the basis that this was a document which was only produced during discovery and ought therefore to be regarded as privileged, Stephenson and Waller LJJ disagreed and held that communications between employees, often involving communication with secretaries, had for a long time been treated as publications. (This principle is one which may well surprise many of our managers and it is worth observing in passing that an element of guidance and training at this level may be appropriate it will be noted that I have taken care elsewhere to describe the present standard of record keeping as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“inconsistentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  when more choice language may have sprung to mind!) However, this being so, thes e strictures must apply with still greater force to intra-office e-mails. Quite apart from any issues which arise in respect of the conduct of individual employees in this regard (I repeat my comments in Brief 2 in respect of an employerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s liability for harassment and discrimination and potential remedies under employment law), I am concerned about certain developments in respect of the law of libel as applied to electronic communication. In Godfrey v Demon Internet[10], it was held that Internet Service Providers (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ISPsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) can be held liable for the publication of defamatory material if they store such material on their servers where it is accessible to customers. The argument that they were simply the holders of an electronic device through which information was transmitted was rejected. Although I have not been able to locate any authority exactly on point as yet, I am concerned lest it might be possible to apply this principle to our company on the basis that we might in certain circumstances be seen to be publishing such libels by allowing them to be accessible on our systems. I recognise that this would not apply in the case of personal or group e-mails since we cannot be responsible for their content and are not making them generally available but open for a such as departmental message boards and discussion groups might not be able to escape liability in the same way. Of course, there is now a statutory defence available under section 1 of the Defamation Act 1996 provided it is possible to show that an administrator of an electronic network of this type took all reasonable care in relation to the publication of the statement and did not know (nor could have known) that what they did contributed to the publication of the statement. Obviously, such a defence will be negated if we continue to maintain systems without supervision upon which it is possible to post such material particularly having regard to the f act that even at this stage of acquisition we have become aware of an apparent propensity on the part of certain employees to circulate material of this type. In any event, ongoing monitoring and regulation will be required. The statutory defence failed in Demon Internet because it was shown that the ISP had had the relevant material drawn to its attention and had not taken steps to remove it for some two weeks. 4) Data Protection It is disturbing to note that SC is the subject of a number of complaints to the Data Protection Commissioner. (This issue also impinges upon the area of record keeping discussed at the presentation). A review of systems is therefore imperative. The Data Protection Directive[11] prescribes five principles relating to data quality. It must be: Processed fairly and lawfully; Collected for specific, explicit and legitimate purposes and not further processed in a way incompatible with those purposes; Adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purposes for which they are collected and/or further processed; Accurate, up to date and complete; where this is not so the data must be erased or rectified; Kept in a form which permits identification of data subjects for no longer than is necessary for the purposes for which the data were collected or for which they are further processed. These principles are largely replicated (albeit numbered at eight) in the Data Protection Act 1998. I am concerned at certain aspects of the current SC approach to data. For example, there is much in the current recruitment and ongoing employment of staff that is, to put it mildly, irregular. Where data is collected from a subject as in our current recruitment process, Schedule 1, Part 2, para.3 of the 1998 Act requires that the subject must be supplied with: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦any further information tat is necessary, having regard to the specific circumstances in which the data are or are to be processed, to enable processing in respect of the data subject to be fair.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This means that prospective employees should be informed whether providing answers to any questions is voluntary or compulsory and as to the possible consequences of a failure to reply. At present, there is no distinction on the application forms between the questions in relation to previous criminal convictions (and no reference to the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974) and the other questions which are asked about ethnicity (to which the subject is not required to reply) and which, it must be made clear, are for equality and diversity monitoring purposes only. The existing question relating to sexual orientation is wholly unacceptable under the terms of the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003[12]. The present approach to storage of data is entirely haphazard. The most cursory review of the HR Department files reveals personal files which relate to employers who left SC many years ago (while the retention of such information for a period of time for purposes such as the supply of references is legitimate, some of these files are now so antiquated that it might be doubted that the subject is still living). In any event, it is clear that even the information in respect of current employees has not been kept updated. There is therefore a breach of the obligations imposed by the Directive and the Act either to update such information where appropriate or to erase it. Of greatest concern is the issue of data security. The seventh data protection principle contained in the 1998 Act requires that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, personal data.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The practical position in this regard at present is appalling. None of the computer systems in Payroll is password protected. A recent visit to the coffee bar revealed employees leafing through HR Department files which have been left in there in an unlocked à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“overspillà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  filing cabinet. I recommend the immediate appointment of a data controller to review as his/her first priority, the security of all computer and manual systems and implement adequate training and supervision to ensure the competence and reliability of all staff having access to personal data. 5) Disciplinary Procedures Finally, I am asked to identify another issue which will impinge upon the take over of SC. While there is so much to choose from (!), I am concerned to note that in common with the current raft of complaints to the Data Protection Commissioner, the HR Department appears to be awash with Forms ET1 commencing proceedings against SC in the Employment Tribunal. A review of these applications demonstrates that a great many problems stem from the currently cavalier approach of Managers to the disciplining of members of their department. There exists a macho and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“laddishà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  culture that would be unacceptable on a building site still less in a high-tech company. For example, following a recent dispute over the way in which a software design task was to be carried out in the IT Department, the Manager was heard to say to an employe e, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“You do it my way or you can f*** off!à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . When the unwanted method of work was repeated, the employee was summoned to the Managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s office and told, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve told you once you pusillanimous little w*****, now sling your hook!à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The employee was escorted from the premises by security. Following receipt of the ET1 alleging unfair dismissal, the Manager was interviewed by the HR Department and indignantly claimed that he had administered a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“verbal warningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and was therefore entitled to sack the employee à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“on the spotà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This is disastrous. First, it should be obvious to even the most insensitive of managers that the ability summarily to dismiss an employee is restricted to instances of gross misconduct. A useful test is contained in Laws v London Chronicle (Indicator Newspapers) Ltd[13] in which it was formulated as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦whether the conduct complained of is such as to show the servant to have disregarded the essential conditions of the contract of serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Therefore, while instances such as fighting or theft might warrant dismissal without notice, a dispute over the approach to a computer project can hardly be said to fall into this category. In any event, even if there had been a dismissal with notice, it would probably have been regarded as unfair on the merits but, more particularly for the purpose of the internal organisation of the company, it would have been held to have been à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“automatically unfairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  by virtue of the Employment Act 2002 which introduced the new s.98A(1) into the Employment Rights Act 1996 and requires adherence to the procedures laid down by the Employment Act 2002 (Dispute Resolution) Regulations 2004[14]. As a matter of the greatest urgency all managers should be made aware that there is now a statutory procedure t o be followed in all instances where the disciplining or dismissal of an employee is contemplated. The employee should be informed of the allegation against him and given an opportunity to consider it before attending a meeting (at which he has the right to be accompanied by a work colleague or Trade Union representative) at which the allegation is investigated and a decision reached. Thereafter, there is still a right of appeal to be exhausted before a dismissal can be confirmed. This is known as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Standard Procedureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Even in instances of gross misconduct requiring immediate dismissal and removal from the premises, there is a Modified Procedure to be followed. In the event of a claim of unfair dismissal where these procedures are not followed, the dismissal will be deemed automatically unfair even if it could have been justified on other grounds. Worse still, the Tribunal is then obliged to increase the appropriate award by 10% and may where it co nsiders it appropriate to do so increase it further up to an overall maximum of 50%. I recommend therefore that the HR Department is overhauled to ensure that they are fully conversant with these requirements and managers instructed to consult and involve them before taking any action relating to matters of discipline. Bibliography Bainbridge, D., Introduction to Computer Law, (5th Ed., 2004) Bowers, J., A Practical Approach to Employment Law (7th Ed., 2005) Deakin, S., Johnston, A. Markesinis, B., Markesinis and Deakinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Tort Law (5th Ed., 2003) Lloyd, I., Information and Technology Law (4th Ed., 2004) Westlaw www.opsi.gov.uk Footnotes [1] [1978] ICR 905 [2] [1986] IRLR 69 [3] 1987 SCRR 402 [4] Law Com No.104 (1987), paras.10.45-10.46 [5] [1987] IRLR 491 [6] [2002] EWCA Crim 747 [7] [1998] ICR 97 [8] (1840) 6 MW 105 [9] [1977] QB 881 [10] [1999] 4 All ER 342 [11] Directive 95/46/EC, Art.6 [12] SI 2003/1661 [13] [1959] 1 WLR 698 [14] SI 2004/752

Community Corrections - 1082 Words

Community corrections is a range of alternative punishments for nonviolent offenders. There are two basic community corrections models in the United States. In the first model, integrated community corrections programs combine sentencing guidelines and judicial discretion (front-end) with a variety of alternative sanctions and parole and probation options. In the second model, some states have instituted programs in which correctional officials may direct already sentenced offenders into alternative sanction programs and parole and probation options (back-end). Both models are designed to help reduce prison overcrowding and are less expensive alternatives to prison. Widespread development of community correction programs in the†¦show more content†¦Parole: A form of conditional release available to offenders who are incarcerated. It is similar to probation but the offender is in the community while still serving some of the prison sentence. When people come into contact with the criminal justice system, they pass through several stages of processing. At each stage, an individual s risk of re-offending is assessed by criminal justice workers. Risk assessments are performed by justice professionals on a daily basis: pre-trial, before sentencing, when determining security level in custody, prior to release, and after breaches or critical incidents occur (Hart, 1995). These assessments can be either formal or informal in nature (Milner amp; Campbell, 1995). Risk assessment is fundamental to the criminal justice process because it is a means for distinguishing between offenders who are likely to re-offend and those who are at a lower risk for recidivism (Solicitor General Canada, 1998a). There has been a lot of controversy about the accuracy of risk assessments. Risk assessments are essentially predictions of future behaviour and are subject to error. The result of a risk assessment has serious implications for both the assessed individual and society: for the individual offender, the assessment will decide his or her freedom; for society, it may determine whether a potentially dangerous person will be released into the community. The community requires protection, butShow MoreRelatedWhat is Community Corrections? Essay example1105 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Essentially, community corrections ascribe to the sanctions that are usually imposed on both adults and juveniles convicted by the court of law to reduce frequencies of recidivism. Unlike other forms of sentencing, community corrections can be implemented in a community setting or any other residential setting, apart from the jails (Gendreau Goggin, 1996). 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The Rape of Proserpina and Eves Fall in Miltons...

The Rape of Proserpina and Eves Fall in Miltons Paradise Lost She pluckd, she eat (PL IX.781). With these four monosyllables, Milton succinctly announces the Fall of Eve in Paradise Lost. Eves Fall, however, is far more complex than a simple act of eating, for her disobedience represents a much greater loss of chastity. Indeed, Milton implies that the Fall is a violation not only of Gods sole commandment but also of Eve herself, for Milton implicitly equates Diss ravishment of Proserpina with Satans seduction of Eve. Milton weaves the Proserpina myth, as told by Ovid in his Metamorphoses, throughout Paradise Lost as a trope for rape and Eves loss of virginity, and this culminates in a metaphorical construction of the Fall as†¦show more content†¦Ovid begins: Haud procul Hennaeis lacus est a moenibus altae,nomine Pergus, aquae; [. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] perpetuum ver est. Quo dum Proserpina luco ludit et aut violas aut candida lilia carpit, dumque puellari studio calathosque sinumque inplet et aequales certat superare legendo, paene simul visa est dilectaque raptaque Diti. (Metamorphoses V.385-95) 1 Miltons negative syntax, therefore, not only draws us away from Ovids Enna but also propels us toward it, for Ovid too employs a negative construction: Not far from Ennas walls [. . .] (Met. V.385-6). Furthermore, Miltons progression from the active participle gathring to the passive gatherd mirrors Ovids progression from legendo (gathering) to rapta (she has been taken). In addition, Milton directly prefaces the above passage with thEternal Spring (PL IV.268), much as Ovid tells us that spring is eternal (perpetuum ver est). What resonates in Miltons description, however, are not the enumerated similarities between Eden and Enna but that which Milton leaves unmentioned—the striking comparison between Eve and Proserpina, between Satans seduction of our mother and Diss ravishment of Ovids goddess. Milton does not explicitly compare Proserpina to Eve, yet the obvious parallel between these two innocent gardeners preyed upon by dark forces is a potent subtext. Indeed, upon completing his

Thomas Money Service Business Proposal free essay sample

Thomas Money Service Inc. established in 1940 with the intent of providing small loans for household needs. The success of the company has led them to expand their services which include business loans, business acquisition financing, and commercial real estate loans. In 1946 Thomas merged with a company that specialized in equipment financing called Future Growth Inc. This merger, although was a risky move was a proven success for The company as they became a competitive company in forestry and construction industry with an advantage in the market. For over 67 years, the company has seen continual growth and financial success. Because of the current economic conditions this past year the company is experiencing significant losses in their stock values and as a result the company has to layoff some employees. Massive flooding, forest fires, animal activist protesters in addition to the economic crisis are all reasons why the company is experiencing a 30% loss in sales from the previous year. Based on the loss in sales and other rivals in the equipment manufacturing industry that can offer substitutions Thomas Money Service Inc. has requested an analysis of the situation to determine the way ahead on how he can turn the company around and re-establish his status in the industry. The intent of this proposal is to provide a recommendation on how the company can increase revenue, achieve ultimate production levels, determine how fixed and variable costs can be adjusted to maximize profits, suggest a mix of pricing and non-pricing strategies, and create barriers to entry into the market if possible. This proposal will also look into ways on how the company can increase product differentiation, and if there is other means to minimize the cost for the product. Increasing Revenue Based on the data from Thomas Money Inc. the first recommendation is to develop a plan that will increase revenue. Because of the decrease in sales, the company must first look at the marginal revenue and the marginal cost profit maximizing guide to determine if it is profitable to continue producing their building and forestry equipment. Based on the data, after completing the analysis it proves that the output at each marginal revenue exceed the marginal cost thus proving that no more would be added to cost than to revenue. If profits are to be maximized, prices must be in excess of the average total cost where (P=MC output) as prices are kept at the equilibrium point to maximize revenue. Production differentiation is a must to the consumers, as this awareness will influence their demand for the product. This is accomplished through means of advertising. A strong marketing team must show the consumers what FGI can offer not just in pricing but also in terms of the benefits of buying FGI equipment as opposed to the other brands. Another way of increasing revenue is for Thomas Money Inc. to include its employees in the plan. This can be accomplished through quality customer service and since hospitals and nursing homes are in demand for new buildings there is potential for new revenue. Another recommendation for Thomas Money Inc. is in finding ways to improve the production levels. Since the company produces its own brand of forestry and building equipment they have an advantage to create or increase barriers to entry by their rivals by branding, patenting, or licensing its products. Investing in other subsidiaries within the medical industry with a focus on new construction of nursing homes and hospitals will also increase revenue. Based on the information provided prices are higher than the marginal revenue at every level of output thus putting the company in a position to produce the amount of demand for the product. Reducing prices and a strong advertising campaign are ways the company can boost its production levels. Maximizing Profits Thomas Money Inc. has the potential to maximize profits especially since the information stated that marginal revenue exceeds marginal costs. Increasing revenues and limiting variable costs are the primary motives for the company therefore FGI will need to shift from its consumer targeting from new equipment to used equipment. By focusing on the used equipment and liquidating the repossessed units will generate an increase to marginal revenue since the variable costs for those units do not exist. The company does not have to stop producing new equipment, but the level of new production need to follow the economic condition and markets to retain normal profit. In calculating the data provided additional revenue can be achieved by integrating resource and production efficiency. In using a series of short-run production analysis and application techniques FGI can maximize profits using the total revenue and total cost approach. With total revenue of $2,600 and total cost of $1,050, it produces an economic profit of $1,550 before the law of diminishing returns begins to affect it negatively. Since fixed cost has maintain the same output level and variable costs fluctuates at each level increasing at more than $50 dollars, it is recommended that the company look into the cost of advertisement. Although it is a much needed source to increasing revenue and production levels, there need to be some other alternatives to advertising during the super bowl events especially since it is very costly during that event. Other methods of advertisement can be in the form of newspaper ads, and local TV channels. Creating Price, Non-price strategies and barriers to market entry In every market the primary goal for companies is to sustain or increase profitability especially during a slow-down of the economy. Ways of doing so is by limiting marginal costs of production and maintain a fair or comparable market selling price to keep consumers from buying from other rivals. As companies incur marginal cost of producing, it triggers a trickling effect where those costs are transferred into the market price which in turn is felt by the consumers. The result is a decrease in consumer demand for the product which creates a loss in profits for the company and consumers looking at other companies for similar products or substitutes. When considering pricing strategies, consumer expectations must be considered. Pricing should be set based on several factors such as geographical location, market segment, and economic conditions. Being flexible toward pricing policies change based on the dynamics of the market is the recommendation for the company. Non-price strategies and barriers to market entry are effective ways of sustaining economic profit and provide a higher potential for increased revenues and maximizing profits. Investing in research and development, becoming technologically equipped, and implement a strong consumer-oriented programs to substantiate the organizations appreciation and show organizational worth of those consumers expectations, demand and wants. (McConnell) As mentioned previously, some barriers to entry should include patents for designs, copyrights, and branding of Thomas Money Inc and FGI within the current and future economic markets (McConnell) Product Differentiation and other cost saving measures Product differentiation is achieved by ensuring an entity’s products are established from all other organizations within the market, which includes establishing a product mix appropriate to Thomas Money Service Inc. and FGI’s goals and objectives. The improvement of equipment through research and development in the nursing and hospital market through merging, acquiring, or investing in other existing and reliable organizations validates a strong product mix across various market. Thomas Money Service Inc. and FGI may reduce internal costs through various and simple methods which strengthens increase in revenue, profit maximization, sustaining applicable market pricing, establishing product mixes and differentiation through high quality. Some cost saving measures includes establishing a strong purpose toward product improvement and eliminating unnecessary areas of productivity. In summary, to sustain the goals of continuing to be a competitive and profitable company this business proposal has considered the market conditions in which the company performs. The rate of success Thomas Money Service Inc. and FGI have maintained over the long years of performance provides the basis for the proposal made to increase revenue, employ profit maximization, establish product mix and differentiation, establish price and non-price barriers to market entry, and reduce costs. The design and strategic approach under the business proposal is to ensure the continuance, profitability, and stability of both Thomas Money Service Inc. and FGI providing a strong a basis for expansion, promoting growth, and development for future years respectively.